Organizational Effectievness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Organizational Effectievness - Essay Example Rational, open and natural systems approaches are among the strategies that can be adopted to accomplish organizational goals. This paper presents a critique as to why most managers find rational approaches to organizations and organising appealing. It highlights with examples how taking an open or a natural systems approach benefits managers. Rational Approaches The rational system perspective views organizations as mechanisms intended to accomplish particular goals. The approaches provide a means to the goals but not a basis for development of goals. In other words, rational approaches facilitate the achievement of organizational goals regardless of whether they are smart or not (Marnet 2007). According to Gans (1996), rationality requires specific goals that are formalized to enhance their accomplishment. This is necessitated by the fact that rational approaches involve various segments that contribute to the attainment of organizational goals. Goal specificity is usually appealin g to managers since it allows them to make appropriate choices regarding the available alternatives without ambiguity. It allows the prioritization and assignment of various functions and resources in the organization (Das 2003). The organizational structure also highly depends on specificity of goals. Generally, specific goals guide decision making as to what particular tasks need to be performed, the nature of human resources to be engaged as well as how funds are to be distributed among the team players within the organization (Tolbert & Richard 2008). The significance of goal specificity can be illustrated through the functioning of military organizations. Although people might argue regarding the role of the military, there is a specific goal of enhancing defence in a particular jurisdiction. People are assigned particular. The decision making process is clearly defined and therefore there can be no confusion in accomplishing the organizational goals. Rationality applies regard less of whether the goals of the military organization are indecorous or not (Gans 1996). Rational approaches allow formalization of the organizational structure which in turn promotes ownership of the goals among members. Formalization enhances standardization of behaviours among members thereby maintaining predictability of outcomes of various actions (Provan & Milward 1995). Generally, formalization guides actions of various people involved in the accomplishment of goals. It also allows the presence of a smooth transition in a situation whereby replacement of an employee is needed. The incoming employee is selected on the basis of skills as stated in the formal structure (Handel 2002). Taylor’s model of scientific management is among the rational approaches that managers have found useful in accomplishing organizational goals. It involves assessing tasks in the workplace and ensuring that the processes involved produce maximum output with minimal inputs in terms of labour and materials (Christian 2003). All processes are experimented and proved to serve the desired purpose before putting them in practice. Scientific management helps to eliminate procedures that lead to time wasting and inefficiency. At a glance, managers are in a position to tell what activity every person in the organization is involved in. Workers do not have to wait for instructions to perform tasks. Rather, they have a scheme that they follow on daily basis (Tolbert & Richard 2008). Scientific management ensures that workplace rules govern the behaviour of individuals making management functions easy to undertake. Workers are selected scientifically through assessment of their

Understanding domestic violence Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Understanding domestic violence - Research Paper Example Thus, understanding domestic violence within the larger context of socio-psychological issues and social determinants of violent behavior becomes hugely critical. It is especially pertinent within spousal relationships. Social determinants and women who are less educated and financially dependent on their male partner or husband are more vulnerable to domestic violence. Social determinants of aggressive behavior, resulting in violence have emerged as serious issues as they adversely impact the welfare of family and society. Violent behavior is not normal and needs to be rationalized against the context and situations so that it can be addressed adequately. The structural determinants of changing social structure are main proponents of violence within society as they have created huge socio-economic and class disparity (Gilligan). Indeed, changing dynamics of society have brought forth plethora of social issues and problems like rising unemployment, lack of access to housing and medical facilities due to lack of financial resources etc. The poverty therefore, constitutes significantly to the increasing incident of domestic violence, reflecting the frustrations and inability of individuals to cope with their lives’ situations. Violence against women occurs in most society but the decline in domestic violence could be contributed to the increased wages of women and their rising social status that gives them more choices to make decisions (Aizer). She emphasizes that violence against women is more common in families and relationship where women lack financial independence. Pease and Rees (39) claim that refugee women and immigrant population face higher domestic abuse due to traditional masculine identity across races, settlement challenges and fear of reporting. Refugee families undergo language barrier and feel isolated with few opportunities of gainful employment that considerably compounds their insecurities and frustrations resulting in domestic